Musique concrte And Soundscape Composition Essay

Musique concrte And Soundscape Composition - Essay ExampleEven the stock certificate of the constituted modern keyboards can be traced to the early development of traditional instrumental music. Despite the situation, things began to change in the middle 20th century just after the Second World War at slightly 1948 when some French musicians such as Pierre Schaefer and Pierre Henry began to play music using recoded sounds (AMG Staff 2012). As time progressed, they realized that tape-recorded was a good invention since it gave them the opportunity to do things, which they could not do without sound recording. This is beca workout, through tape recording, they could now be able to speed up or slow down sound make them quieter or louder filter the sound repeat, as healthful as play the sound backwards (AMG Staff 2012). As a result, they were now able to shift any real life sound such as concrete sounds, rattle of lids of saucepans, crying babies among others into music. The origin of Musique concrete, however, can be traced back to 1940s brought about by the invention of a quality analogue tape recorder for researchers and musicians (Dack 1994, p.4). The two music pioneers, Pierre Henry and Pierre Schaefer while working for ORTF in France began to examine ways of altering the sound they tape-recorded. It is now that Schaeffer introduced the term Musique Concrete in 1948, which according to him meant that concrete, hook sounds were used as the main ingredients of music according to Dack (1994, p.4). The whole notion behind Musique Concrete is that the composer starts with a set of concrete sounds, which is organized into a piece of music. As a result, theory and traditional tuneful instruments do not limit the composer of such a piece of music. This implies that they are at liberty to use any sound that they feel appeals to them, and the audience to achieve the final music. The Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrete GRMC - Musique Concrete interrogation G roup was the first music group to be formed and specialized mainly in the recording of Musique Concrete pieces (Battier 2007). Consequently, Etude aux chemins de fer is arguably the first piece of Musique Concrete recorded by Pierre Schaeffer at around the analogous time. The Etudes were produced using childrens toys, locomotive sounds, and spinning of pot lids. The first piece of Etude was broadcast in October 1948, which generated diametric reactions from musical circles and the press (Battier 2007). In the next concert held in March 1950, Schaeffer decided to seek for the supporter of Pierre Henry another music composer who later emerged as a famous composer of Musique Concrete genre. by and by coming together, the two collaborated composing the famous Symphonie pour un homme seul, as well as each composer presenting their someone composition according to Battier (2007). It is reported that the music concert attracted other French composers such as Olivier Messaien. In 1951, Schaeffer acquired the first tape recorder in his studio, which enabled him to transform original sound material according to Lange (2009, P.174). This cutting technique involved the use of tape loops, splicing, cutting, and change of direction. This technique later attracted the attention of many foreign composers including Iannis Xenakis (left), a Greek mathematician who developed Concrete PH,

Impact of Social Networking and Blogging on Internet Usage Essay

Impact of Social Networking and Blogging on Internet habit - Essay ExampleThese be just limited uses of blogging and accessible networking. The wide spectrum of using these interactivities online entails that blogging and social networking bring people closer and go the world into a global village where there are no distances (Jacqui 2010). Introduction Social networking has construct an integral part of millions of Internet users around the world. When people come back to home from their work places and educational institutes, the first thing most of them prefer to do is to check their personal profiles on social networking websites, such as Facebook, Twitter and many others. They find it a facilitating medium for interacting with hundreds of people within and outside their case borders. Social network or social networking websites actually provides Internet user a virtual interface where they can constituent their ideas and thoughts. The social networking websites are usua lly used for studying the social relationships of people. The term social networking describes a persons or stem of persons social structure and is determined with the help of their conference and interaction with others (Lusted 2011, Aleman and Wartman 2009). On the other hand, blogs or blogging websites provides a personal space to Internet users where they can stick by their posts, ides, believes and views on certain issues, keeping in view the area of interest. Blogs usually contain write-up of a person, group of personals or organization aiming to discuss a single agenda subject. Scholars and web technologists first utilized blogs in 90s and to post content containing ideas and beliefs of these scholars and technologists. Since then, non-technical users are using blogs as well (Rettberg 2008). Social media and blogs has attracted masses towards utilizing these internet tools to share ideas, market their products and services and help out individuals who are looking for solut ions to their problems, let it be pro or academic one. A research conducted by University of Maryland reveals that people across the globe are worthy addicted to using social networking sites and blogs. Social media especially has become a major source of communication with rest of the world. The academic research conducted on understanding how the social networking sites are reshaping the behavior states that Facebook, worlds most used social networking website, has become a primary source of communication among students. On professional level, social networking and blogging is utilized extensively for providing business solutions and discussing new technologies and innovations. In broader spectrum, Internet usage has increased subsequently the introduction of blogging and social networking websites and the analysis of statistical data shows that it is expected to increase even more. Academic Usage of Internet Societies and individuals living in these societies are of the view that their internet usage has increased since the arrival of docudrama add ons like Facebook, Twitter, Blogger Online, Flickr, and others (Ishak 2010). This is because these individuals can share their precious moments with others, and also, take guidance and suggestions regarding the problems and issues they are facing. Students goes to social networking sites and blogs at least four times a day in order to keep in collar with their friends, to ask their teachers for solutions to

Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Facebook - Essay role modelThe internet has a variety of different social networking websites such as MySpace, Netlog, Hi5, Yahoo and Facebook. This essay lead examine and scrutinize Facebook and its varied features. It will begin with Facebook as a business and determining its pains from different aspects. Second, it will move to some information about Facebook, as well as details, such as Facebook background and some other facts. Third, this paper will go through a rundown of different business theories and strategies that Facebook uses like SWOT and PEST analysis, for instance. Fourth, this piece will take a smell at Facebook info via explaining market share and financial issues. Fifth, well be defining the different application of theories and strategies to data being used by the Facebook management. Ant then finally, this document will conclude withlooking at Facebook as a new business field, and how technology has been an effective aspect in that field, and not to forget , breathing out through privacy and risk management in this organization.According to Techterms (2011), Facebook is a web site and a social network service, which means that it is an online service and platform that mirrors and builds social relations among people, for example, sharing interests and common activities. In February 2004 Facebook was launched, and it was operated privately and owned by Facebook. The name was acquired through papers that were given to new students and staff. By July 2011, Facebook had reached more than 800 million users. An American 23, Mark Zuckerberg born in 14th of May 1984 founded Facebook by following and associating computers, with chum students Chris Hughes, Eduardo Saverin and Dustin Moskovitz, all of whom were his roommates. Zuckerberg is an Internet entrepreneur and computer programmer. A number of social networking websites were already developed by Mark Zuckerberg while he was still studying Psychology at Harvard University.The idea of

The War on Terror and the Erosion of Liberty Assignment

The struggle on Terror and the Erosion of Liberty - Assignment ExampleIt is evidently clear from the discussion that in the haste to safeguard citizens, laws were enacted and restrictions were imposed that have had a deep and lasting effect on our ain freedoms. Many mountain have criticized the government actions as too broad, too severe, and have characterized it as an over-reaction to a single event. Others, such as John Ashcroft, have labeled the critics as paranoids and said, To those who scare peace-loving people with phantoms of lost liberty your tactics only aid terrorists, for they erode our national unity and give ammunition to Americas enemies. It is clear that we have reached a point where we must weigh the price of a security against the address of our lost liberty. When we do, we find that the over-reaching policies of our anti-terrorist campaign have extracted too high a cost in lost liberty, freedom, and our national identity.The loss of our liberty extends beyon d the inconvenience of long lines at the airdrome and reaches into our daily right to privacy. One of the fundamental principle that America is built upon is the expectation that our personal records and symmetricalness have sacred and legal protection against inspection without a warrant. However, the sweeping powers granted to the government in the wake of 9/11 have allowed the government to examine bank and phone records of every American citizen without probable cause. Meanwhile, the government is cloaked in ever greater secrecy as many more than governmental meetings can be held in secret away from the press and the public (Chaddock). While it whitethorn seem that we only have something to worry about if we are engaged in illegal activity, the situation is that it opens the door for corruption and abuse. There is the potential that political enemies could examine bank records to find out who has contributed to a given charity or political cause. It could be used to examine a credit circuit card record to trace a persons travel or spending habits. Liberty is only of value when we strike it. Once surrendered there is no returning it to the safe state of affairs that the right to privacy gives us.

Journal 6-LEED Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal 6-LEED - Assignment Examplehe LEED technology, creation a orbiculately recognized and widely adopted system was being adapted to in resemblance to the aspects of green building such as designing, construction, maintenance and operations.The most outstanding factor that is recognized by the article is the fast growing recognition by the global community of the imperative measures that can be used to combat the global menace of climate change. According to the USGBC President and CEO, plow Fedrizzi, the most get hold of way by which climate change can be countered is through the use of LEED technology in the design and construction of buildings. He applauds the success already attained by LEED global in divers(a) spheres and notes that the growing recognition of the same will turn to be more beneficial to human beings, in terms of preserving health, besides helping in saving operational costs. Subsequently, the LEED system is considered to have the potential of providing unthreatening solutions to the global warming problem that has been coupled by rising sea levels above the normal limits.Rick appreciates that nearly 140 countries in the world have already embraced the aspect of participating in the global certification program of LEED certification. This takes into consideration the fact that nearly 59,000 building projects currently being undertaken globally ar being implemented under LEED program. Subsequently, in ranking the countries, the top ten identified in fall order are Canada, China, India, South Korea, Taiwan, Germany, Brazil, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and Finally Finland. The ranking is based on three aspects broad(a) GSM of LEED certified and registered space, GSM of LEED certified space and the total number of LEED projects that have been certified and registered.Canada, for instance, was ranked first for having 17.74 gazillion GSM LEED space and a total of 4,068 projects certified and registered under LEED. Its key underg oing projects such as 100 course Wellington Street West

Construction Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

look Industry - Essay ExampleThe second position focuses on the construction industry in Britain and its problem of skill shortfall. The last section, using a idea by international project and cost managers, Gardiner and Theobald titled, London Wins 2012 majestic Gamesbut Dont Panic. illustrates why the British construction industry smoke meet the Olympics challenge (The get over can be viewed at the Gardiner and Theobald Website at http//www.gardiner.com/NewsSystem/ wordtext/Olympics2.pdf)London will be the host city for the 2012 Olympic games. The games will be held in 33 venues across London and the UK. gimmick work is complete in just 18 venues. The rest have to be built from bastard or will require major renovation prior to the Olympics .The centerpiece of the games will be the Olympic park in London.According to the Chartered Institute of Builders (CIOB) Position Statement on the London Olympics 2012, the Construction Products Association estimates that the Olympics wil l generate 10bn of investment in Britain, 2.5bn of which will be construction related. The CIOB statement also states that Consultancy Deloitte estimates about 12,000 jobs will be created in the construction sector. (The CIOB position statement can be viewed at http//194.217.225.164/media/CIOB-PS-LondonOlympics2012.pdf)The Department of Education and Skills has said that the construction industry needs around 88,000 new entrants every course in craft, technical, professional and management roles. In a press notice, it has stated that according to the National Employer Skills keep abreast (NESS) 2004, in that respect are over 32,000 vacancies in the industry, 13,700 of which are skill shortage vacancies. In order to pose construction skills for major projects associated with the Olympics, a National Skills Academy has been set up. (The press release can be viewed at the Department of Education and Skills website at http//www.dfes.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgipn_id=2005_0129)According to a survey conducted by the CIOB, 89% of respondents matt-up there was a shortage of training placements in Britain. They felt that one of the prime causes for the construction skills shortage was the poor image of the industry, which was competing with several newer and more attractive industries. Besides these, they felt that certain policies pertaining to new-entrants also resulted in skill shortages.(The CIOB press release on skills shortage survey can be viewed at http//www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/releaseid=151701)The construction industry very much reflects the economy itself. Just like the economy, the construction industry too goes by phases of robust growth, stagnation and even depression. During a lackluster period, arch(prenominal) workers become redundant and are often forced to seek employment elsewhere or even switch professions. However, when the industry starts to look up, there is again a need for trained people, thus leading to a skill shortage.The Huntsman Associates report titled Staffing the Construction Industry in the North East discusses the reputation of the construction industry and the availability of skilled professionals in Britain, especially in the northeast region. This report emphasises on factoring this boom/bust nature of the industry while recruiting

The Physics of Soccer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The natural philosophy of Soccer - Essay ExampleDropped lout It takes couch when the referee has stopped the game for any early(a) reasons for example interference by a party that is not from within, a serious injury to a player, or when a puffiness is going out of ordinate. Generally on that point are many rules and regulations that should be adhered to. The association of institutionball around the world has its governing body. The governing body that is recognised across the globe is FIFA. This is the body that is known to associate wit football in all over the world. Its headquarters are in Zurich and there are other bodies that are associated with this main body of football. These bodies are Confederation of African Football (CAF) Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) south American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Footb all (CONCACAF). This essay leave therefore talk about the physics of soccer. For the ball to be kicked for the goal keeper to get the ball before it goes through to the net and for all the other activities that take place in soccer to occur, there are various physical movements that support all of them. All soccer players always work tough to make certain that they maintain their shape and that they improve their kick. This essay will cover certain topics to discriminate how they physics of soccer is. The questions that will be answered in this essay include 1. What happens when a player kicks a ball? 2. How much vigour, in heaviness would a soccer player experience on their foot in a kick. 3. How do football players twist a soccer ball? 4. Does a huge... Initially, when the ball is kicked, the leg of the player puts in kinetic push. Kinetic push button is that energy that is put in order to make something move. In this case, since the ball has to be moved, the kinetic energy h as to be put inside the ball. The construction for this kinetic energy implementation is KE=1/2 MV2. In this case, the kinetic energy used is extend to to half of the total visual modality of the players leg, multiplied by the speed (velocity) of the leg as it hits the balls, squared. The ball loses its shape when it is kicked. This is the other thing that happens when a player hits the ball. It deforms due to the energy that has been exerted on it where the place that is it turns out to be flat within a shirt tie that is over 0.01 seconds. The energy, therefore, that collides is that kinetic energy from the foot plus the energy stored in the deformed ball whereas the energy that comes out is the kinetic energy in the ball plus heat.The number of kicks given determines the energy that is exerted and that which is lost. This means that the more(prenominal) the ball is hit, the more it deforms thus a lot more energy is lost to heat. Here Newtons law in force is applicable because it helps in providing information on how force is used and how to determine ply that is used to carry out an activity. Force, in this case, is calculated by getting the product of acceleration and mass. The mass of a ball is usually 0.4 kg meaning the only thing to be determined is the acceleration which is the change in speed of the ball.

Do you agree that students should be paid for receiving good grades Essay

Do you agree that students should be paid for receiving good grades - Essay ExampleParents manifest the cases of positive influence, which this strategy has on their kids. However, this method is not so harmless and put inive. The given paper go away prove that deporting bills for good marks is not the best way to make children show well. Money should not be a stimulus for everything Now m either parents are sure that money can serve as a stimulus for children to be more concentrated on playing area. Thus, they pay for each good grade. It really works a child has a clear understanding if he or she completes this or that task well, he or she will be rewarded. Parents think that their kids focus on school, try to do their best to bear good marks and it seems that there is nothing bad in the parents intentions. However, the question is the following whether this focus on school and study is a conscious appetency to hold knowledge or just a method to earn money and then get ma ny pleasure. The second stimulus is oft more probable. Moreover, children may start believing that money is the most outstanding thing in the world and the consequences of such(prenominal) belief can be very negative. The long-term effect will not be received Undoubtedly, kids would be happy with introducing such system of financial incentives. At first children will do their best to earn much money, but the question is whether this desire to study well will be constant during the whole learning process. It is also important to understand how children diplomacy money as a reward or as a salary for going to school. Parents should construe what results they would like to get by using such methods. A wish to study, not money, should be the principal(a) motivation In the majority of cases money is one of the most desirable things for children of all ages. Children would like to have their personal money, in order to spend it for what they want. It sounds like a step into the adult life. In such a way parents can cultivate the feeling of independence in their children, and try to show the correlation coefficient between such processes as doing and getting. The money doesnt come easily, but it sure motivates students to work hard in school -- both for the dollars and the prestige (Ivanova). The child begins to understand, that if a person would like to get something, he or she should take some effort. It sounds good from this point of view, nevertheless parents should be very attentive as this desire to get money risks to develop into obsession or become the only method in force. there are students in each class, who are not doing well at school, who have unsatisfactory fashion and who are always under the teachers control. It is obvious that parents can hardly change anything with the help of the money. The problem has much deeper roots. Children who get used to get some expensive things from their parents can hardly be motivated by them. If parents just dep rive them of gifts, they will only manipulate their children and will not gain results. Parents should find arguments in order to evoke a wish to study, a wish to get knowledge and to become a full-fledged member of the society. Conclusion To sum it up, it is essential to remind the words from the Bible about the money what does uneducated person want to have money for, if he does not want to get any wisdom? This statement perfectly explains the parents endeavors to encourage their kids. Money should not serve as a radical goal. Parent should try to motivate their children, to explain to them the benefits of being educated, instead of making them study under

Have Public Schools Adequately Accommodated Religion Essay

Have Public Schools Adequately Accommodated Religion - Essay ExampleThose of a more freehand approach strictly adhere to the principle laid down in the Constitution for the separation of church service and state. They believe it unlawful for schools to promote any one religion but do want the article of belief of all religions as a part of the curriculum. This discussion examines the vast difference of opinion regarding religion in public schools including evolution versus creationism, the controversy over prayer in schools, religious observances and the questions of the distribution of religious literature. It pull up stakes also touch on teaching the subject of religion and explore reasons of why it should be taught and why it is not.The argument supporting the insertion of Christianity into the school system is that this country was formed upon religious principles. For example, on family 17, 1796 George Washington said, It is impossible to govern the world without God and the Bible (Evans, 2005). The third president and author of the announcement of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, wrote in1781, God who gave us life gave us liberty. And can the liberties of a nation be supposition secure when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties ar a gift of God? (Evans, 2005). Jefferson, a well recognized liberal thinker, as well as the entirety of the Founding Fathers, was confident that the U.S. existed only because of the intervention of a divine being, God. They would have fully support prayer and other Christian teachings in public schools.The Constitution allows for activities involving religion to be practiced in public schools though teachers and administrators be largely unaware of the laws pertaining to the issue. Because of this lack of knowledge, activities such as prayer are banned outright so as to ensure the schools are not violating the law. Public school students do, in

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

A Streetcar Named Desire - Essay ExampleIn fact, she has a feeling that their god background characterized by education, lavish life and foreign language acquisition lineage that of Stanley. He is uneducated, dirty, and she considers his companionship with her only sister inappropriate and unfortunate. Additionally, the desire for companionship by Blanche stems from solitude and agonizing thoughts of being alone range in a hostile world (Page 417). In her quest to farm her individual(prenominal) attraction and safety, she desperately finds herself seeking protection from the arms of strangers. Her struggle to seek companionship and deal that she fondly misses after the tragic death of her husband, Blanche exposes herself to the world of men who would involve advantage of her circumstances for self-gratification. Notably, in New Orleans, she finds her brother-in-law Stanley, who is cruel. According to her, there is no cure of harshness and the predatory nature of Stanley (Page 4 18). With this reality, she is determined to take Stella with her a means of getting a companionship and securing her from the husband that is ruthless and inhumane. Surprisingly, Stella appears happy and satisfied in her marriage, despite the conflicting background between her and the husband, she finds the companionship the best cure to life challenges irrespective of the circumstances.In addition, the director of the play demystifies the theme of loneliness using a susceptible woman, Blanche, who gets attracted to anyone she perceives to share similar or closer background. In addition, the director of the play portrays Blanches companionship desires as the driving force that would see her channel the town to seek what she desires most-companionship. Desire is closely related to solitude, as life reality dawns, Blanche desires towards inner personal conflict and an outward desire for companionship. Loneliness causes her great pains and tribulation that

The Sensory Retail Environment of Small Fashion Essay

The Sensory Retail Environment of Small Fashion - Essay ExampleThe scripted report The Sensory Retail Environment of Small Fashion discovers the experiential retailing as the way of retail brand differentiation. The researchers introduced the photographs, which were taken by the participants as a tool to give more information on the questions. This was effective because the participants were able to communicate dimensions of their lives. Visual images play an important role in the customer behavior in a commercial setting. The research design was suitable for this study, researcher compared two different time of origin shop with contrasting sensory environment. Comparison why customer returned to one shop compared to the other. In addition, the test size was small to gather more information on the question of the study. Interviews were used for this case study, which were spacious enough to ensure that the questions were satisfactory answered. In addition, there was telephone fol low up for clarification of the information. The notes were written down to generate insights in the fashion retailing shop. The photographs were also used to support the written wrangle to add meaning to the information communicated. The sample collection process within the participant was consistent. All participants were accustomed similar digital camera and demonstrated how to use. In addition, the entire participants were met individually to ensure the information provided was harmonize to their own experience. A photograph is very useful because it record things the way they look.

Develop and document the scope of a project Research Paper

make and document the oscilloscope of a project - Research Paper ExampleThey are Marketing and gross revenue departments. The corresponding departments in the babe party withal perform the same function and are exceedingly interdependent. These departments are very essential if not the most important departments for both companies in case of trade union movement the project of releasing the new product to the market. This is so because of the strategic role the departments play in the booming realization of the project implementation (Dervaes, 1998). This paper tries to give a brief scope of the project with a clear outline of some important issues that concern the project. Some of the issues that are outlined in the scope include, but not limited to the deliverables in the project, the specific limitations of the project and its scope together with the specific exclusions and assumptions that arise with the project while implementing the project. These assumptions are specif ic to the operations that are undertaken in the distribution chains in Winsome sales events department. Some of the specific deliverables that are expected from the project include meeting the sale scripts that have been set by the sales and marketing departments of both companies. The company plans to double the sales mountain in the next fiscal year as a result of an introduction of the new product. This could hold still for that the Sales department would be required to increase their human resource capacity by detection more staff to help in the achievement of these targets. Alternatively, Winsome manufacturing would procure the services of its sister company. To take up one among these two options, the company will undertake an analysis to find out which of the two options is a better one concerning the financial obligations that each project requires. If procuring the services of the sister company is the cheapest option, there essentialiness be specific terms and cond itions that should be agreed upon in order to make sure the company will succeed. The factors that affect the project also include its limitations and chall(a)enges. They must be well address in order to help the company successfully meet its targets without obligatory affecting former(a) products (Dervaes, 1998). A pore competition from the other firms in the industry must be considered. Elaborate plans to counter their influence must be adhered to in order to achieve the overall objective of the company which is to double its sales volume in the next fiscal year. There are key elements of the products that must also be addressed like the branding which will help market the new product. Its pricing structure must also be addressed well with intense marketing also done. Some of the specific exclusions that must be identified in order to be certain that the venture succeeds include excluding this particular project from the other products that have been manufactured by the company. This product should be given a lot of emphasis with its features and advantages make known to all the customers who would be as well potential buyers of the product. Other existing products that the firm is producing in the market should also be excluded in the general analysis of the firm performance (Mathur, 2006). There must also be proper communication channels between the two companies and strategic customers. These means that all the information regarding the product must be made available to sales representatives of both Winsome and the sister company, and they should be able to pass the same

The Soul and the Aristotelian Analysis of Human Beauty Essay

The Soul and the Aristotelian Analysis of Human Beauty - Essay ExampleIt is pure by nature and gouge be corrupted by repetitive negative actions that later on whitethorn turn into habits. Basic on the wholey, the soul is the core of all person that controls the objective mind. It deals with emotions and feelings. Instincts jackpot be attributed to emotions, guts and soul. The pure tone or soul carries on the challenges of life when the objective and frontiered capacity of the objective mind and the soundbox cannot handle anything more. The soul is also the source of ones strength and the basic foundation of every human being since it cannot deny the needs of every person. It can also bring out the silk hat and maximize the potentials of each human being. It controls the entire being which can be equated as the main mettle and purpose in life. The common purpose in the life of human beings is to achieve perfection and in that pursuit, the soul perceives perfection and takes charge of the physical body to take action and turn the concept into reality. The soul serves as the guide in planning the destination in life. It is the national world where throng meet dreams, goals and aspirations. Creative people use the inner world and the soul to make and create new things and innovations in the world. The soul plays an important role in defining human dishful. Many people nowadays liaison beauty to flawless skin, star-like eyes, silky smooth hair, kissable lips, sexiness, strong male image, and everything related to the physical body. The popular acculturation heavily describes the skin-deep beauty to be more important than the inner qualities. In actuality, both the inner and the outer qualities of human beings constitute the concept of human beauty. It would be hard though to just limit the definition or the meaning of beauty as people have different beliefs. Beliefs drive the lives of people and affect their decision-making process and the manner whi ch they perceive things. The real concept of beauty is best explained by the grey-headed but famous saying, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. It shows how the concept of beauty depends upon the person looking at it. Each human being has his or her own concept of beauty. Some may define beauty through good looks and physique while others may focus on the beauty of the heart and the soul. Others may look at both in varying levels. This only shows that all people are beautiful, and all creatures are also beautiful since the concept of beauty is flexible and subjective. The objective mind or the reproducible thinking only creates standards on things like beauty to have a unifying concept that can be understood by all people. In the subject of soul and beauty, Aristotelian analysis can be used to study the family since the concept involves the logic, the credibility and the emotions. Purpose, context, and subject also affect the relationship of the writer to the readers of the pap er. Every aspect and view can greatly influence how soul can befriend in the understanding of human beauty. Each person is a whole composed of body, mind and intention or soul that gives the full understanding the credit when all of them are engaged in erudite and learning about concepts such as beauty. By including everyone whether their perception of beauty may be contrast to the beauty concept of others, all must be included as life does not snuff it in one path, but in multiple ways as individualism is well-expressed by the reality of the soul. Uniqueness shows how people are

Poland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poland - Essay ExampleThe national language of Poland is Polish and its total covered theater is around 312,685 sq Km. (Poland Introduction, 2001)Poland is known as the most religious country of Europe. About 90% of the total community is the Roman Catholic, while Protestants, Jehovahs witnesses, Polish Orthodox, Polish Catholics, Muslims and Jews are in minorities. The Eastern Orthodox are 1% of the total population while Protestants are 0.3% and others are 0.8% according to an estimation made in 2002. The cash in ones chips pope of the Roman Catholic church Pope John Paul II also belongs from Poland - ahead the Pope Benedict. The Roman Catholic religion is dominated in the country and it is also a fall apart of the curriculum - in the education sector. (Religion in Poland, 2008)Economically, Poland is a sound country and growing day by day. The Polands Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 6.1% in 2006. After the rejection of communism, Poland surveiled the policy of liberal ism which successfully worked and support the economy to rise. The liberal laws helped in the development of the tete-a-tete sector and many medium and small industries were privatized. several(prenominal) important sectors were also privatized including steel, coal, railway and power generation. In the year 2000, the national telecom was also privatized and sell to France which is considered as the biggest privatization ever made, by the year 2007. Main Industries include mining, textile, shipbuilding, glass and beverages. With the growing GDP position since 1993, Poland has potential to become largest food producer among the European northern countries in agriculture sector. Various private farms are producing fruits, vegetables and specially potatoes. Poultry, eggs, and pork are also monitored by the same farms. The currency of Poland is called Zloty. Poland is continuously deliverance reforms in its economic policies to fulfill the criteria of adopting euro (European onenes s currency). It is said that by 2012, Poland will be able to adopt euro. In Poland, salaries are low and the ratio of unemployment is high, one of the reason is the economic crises in the Soviet Union and Germany (the biggest trade partners of Poland). People have started to move to other European Union countries mostly to UK and Ireland. With the continuous reforms it is judge that soon this problem will also be overcome. (Diziadosiz and Stasiak, 2004)Role of WomenDuring the era of 1970, the work force of Poland fundamentally comprises of women. Poland government gave more opportunities to female in education and employment. In many major professions, the rate of women was high than men. During 1980, most of the medical practitioners were women. On the other hand, women were kept completely at bay from the posts of power and authority. However, Poland elect its first Prime Minister, Hanna Suchocka in 1992, but the interesting fact is that there was not a single woman in her gove rnment. During the same year another woman, Eva lelowska became the head of the National Bank of Poland. Though, women played queer role on all the labor positions but male dominance always remain overleap for them to reach and gain higher positions. State institutions helped many women to do two full time jobs cod to the lack of their

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) Essay

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) - Essay ExampleHe battered down g overnment regulations and interference to quarter banking far more global than before, barely he had to face immense criticism for raising joint for laissez-faire Capitalism. Some blamed Walter for bringing excessive loans to third world countries by contraindicating with government regulations for charging interest. jibe to his biographer Phillip Zweig he was a shy, insecure, and trembling personality as a rising executive but he revolutionized the old systems in a magnificent way.Huey Peirce Long was the former governor of Louisiana and a populist politician, reputed as the champion of common people. He was remnant of Populist ideology and criticized Federal Reserve avow intensely. He believed that its policies were responsible for Great Depression so he launched Share Our Wealth Plan but failed to elaborate how he will institute it. He was known for extremist mannerism against his oppon ents, preoccupation with presidential ambitions and flamboyant lifestyle. Long was successful as Louisiana governor in 1928 elections by winning rich support by his enormous campaigns, criticizing corporate sector and depicting the wealthy as parasites. It is also to be noted that he worked more for his state Louisiana, compared to the nation (Brinkley, 1983). His life has enjoyed fascination in literature, movies, and music only when he started gaining more fame, he was assassinated and this has left his story, headstrong, charismatic yet unaccomplished.William Allen White (1868- 1944) was an influential American journalist, the Emporia Gazette former editor, a liberal Republican politician and the leader of Progressive movement in Kansas. He emerged as the spokesperson for the Middle America in his time. White gained attention all over the country because of his undaunted editorials in the Emporia Gazette, against the

Family of saltimbaques by Piablo Picasso and Dance hall Bellevue by Essay

Family of saltimbaques by Piablo Picasso and Dance pressure group Bellevue by Enerst Ludwig - Essay ExampleThe essay Family of saltimbaques by Piablo Picasso and Dance hall Bellevue by Enerst Ludwig compares two paintings that were painted between the years 1900 and 1950. This includes family of saltimbaques by Piablo Picasso and Dance hall Bellevue by Enerst Ludwig. Determining the difference between a wide and bad art might be quite difficult. It is essential for anyone who is interested to understand or compare different forms of arts to carefully die the painting first before coming into conclusion or judging that are drawing is good or bad. Aesthetic is derived from a Greek word meaning perception. It was first used by a Greek philosopher who described the theory of beauty. From this we freighter say that it later come to refer to an artistic figure out with good taste and artistry in general. When a painting is said to have esthetic abide by even if it is not sold expensi vely, it has value as a work of art. In the first painting, Family of Saltrtimbaque, it basis be said that Picasso Pablos Artistry has aesthetic value because of the good taste that can be seen from the picture. To begin in painter has used a desert as the background to the painting making it quite attractive. This can easily draw ones attention who will yearn to continue exploring the picture much and more. Also the people in the picture are dressed in colorful cloths making the heaving attractive to anyone who views it at first site. On the other hand, the second picture, Dance hall Bellevue by Enerst Ludwig, can also be said to have Aesthetic.

The Stereotype of Intolerance Essay Example for Free

The Stereotype of Intolerance EssayI generate many an(prenominal) international friends in my area, with whom I ask shared obedient quantify and bad. I have slept in their homes, and even been considered by their parents a genuine part of their families. Yet I dislike the fact that Indian families may often act merely the basis of emotions. I blamed their emotionally charged natures on the Indian soap operas they watched day later day. I disliked those Indian put downs even though I had watched only 2 of them in my entire life. Still, I knew that it was best not to feel negative emotions in myself. I had to stop world stereotypically intolerant, after all, and love my friends as I loved my own family. The Indian dramas that my friends families loved to watch daily were just slow motion pictures in my opinion. Each moment of for each one drama focused on lethargic and unreal adventures in emotions. Nothing went very far. Crying get offensive about everything under the bright blue sky and blaming one another were the themes of the shows. I disliked them with all my heart. And, whenever it was time for my friends families to watch those Indian shows, I found myself leaving their homes. I was even uncomfortable leaving in those moments, given that my own negative emotions were obnoxious enough to seem to strangle me because I did not understand them at all. In order to understand my emotions, in the face of the fact that I loved my Indian families, I made an effort to watch Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee (2006) with my friends another time. While watching the show this time, I was observant of my own reactions and feelings. At the same time, I observed the others in the TV lounge watching the show with me. Two of Vijays aunts sobbed during the show. To my surprise, Vijay, his mom, and his dad also started to laugh during the show soon after I had witnessed the sobbing aunts. I relaxed there and then, and from that point on, the show was a breeze. Even though Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee lasts only thirty minutes each time, five days a week, I disliked it the first two times I watched it. I believed that it was the TV drama that had taught my Indian friends to overreact to certain emotional issues in the past. I also believed that the emotional drama was a bad influence on me.Obviously, I was being oversensitive at the same time as I blamed the drama for teaching oversensitivity to its viewers. Besides, I was not thinking that it is the individual himself with the prerogative to allow conditioning of any sort. Nobody can tweet us to be influenced by anything. Thus, being stereotypically intolerant is nobodys problem except our own. The good news is that it is possible for us to get rid of our stereotypes by analyzing them like I did. Now I have stopped detesting the Indian shows that I previously could not digest. I can stay in my friends homes as long as I please. Apart from this, I have understood that my Indian famili es have a right to feel and believe whatever they do. Choosing emotions over the intellect many a times is their choice and responsibility. And if I love them, I must do so regardless of the different perspectives we have about dealing with ourselves and others.While I imagine that I am granting my Indian friends this space to breathe, in actuality this space is mine to occupy. I give up my stereotypical intolerance today and for ever hardly only after realizing that I had adopted this stereotype subconsciously, or perhaps just by notice it in society. After analyzing this stereotype, I feel like a different, freer person altogether. For sure, it was difficult to breathe in negativity.ReferencesKyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee. Star Plus (30 December 2006). TV Series.

Becoming Gendered Essay Example for Free

Becoming Gendered EssayDavies argues that the sex role socialization theory does not adequately explain how we understand and become man and woman (p282). She concedes that the social structure with which man is entrenched make for the conception of gender but the single(a) is as much a part of that process as the social environment. Davies says that man is an grownt in his/her gendered identity, we choose to be masculine or feminine in the context of our social realities and that it is not tied to biology. In the movie Sabrina (1995), after being sent to genus Paris and transformed into a sophisticated woman of the world, David became enamored with her.David responded to her charms when she became feminine and did not notice her when she was boyish and ugly. Sabrina was masculine because she did not have a female figure to emulate, but within the same environment she was satisfactory to recognize the attraction she felt for the opposite sex and although it was depicted as a coming of age realization, socialization does not fully demonstrate the shift in gender roles (Rakow, 1986 12).Davies was correct when she said that the individual is an active and engaged participant in becoming gendered (p284), Sabrina may have become feminine in her ways, but she was independent, headstrong and speaks her mind, all of which are masculine traits which she had imbibed while she was growing up. Davies (p289) suggested that we become gendered because it is what society expects, Sabrina has to be feminine because she was female and the world responds to that reality based on their conception of what is feminine and masculine.ReferencesPollack, S. (Director). (1995, December 15). Sabrina, constellation Entertainment.Davies, B. (2001). Becoming male or female. In S. Jackson S. Scott (Eds.), Gender (pp. 280-290). London Routledge .Rakow, L. (1986) Rethinking Gender Research in Communication, Journal of Communication, Volume 36, No. 4, pp.11-26.

Morality & Ethics Essay Example for Free

Morality pietism EssayJ. M. FINNIS Rules made, in accordance with regulative legal rules, by a determinate and effective bureau (itself identified and standard constituted as an institution by legal rules) for a complete community, and braced by sanctions in accordance with the rule-guided stipulations of adjudicative institutions. 1 NATURALISTS ST. THOMAS AQUINAS A rational ordering of things which connect the common good, promulgated by whoever is charged with the c ar of the community. 2SOCIOLOGISTS ROSCOE POUND Law is more than a piece of abstract norms, it is excessively a process of balancing conflicting interests and securing the satisfaction of the maximum wants with the minimum of friction. 3 WHAT IS religion? No single definition can be offered to describe what morality is, but in cosmopolitan morality can be lows alsod as a rule prescribing between what is wrong and what is wrong. It could also mean a value of the acceptable and unacceptable norm of a given society.Some concur terms moral and immoral only for the realm of sexuality and use the words ethical and unethical instead of the word moral when discussing how the business and professional communities should behave towards their members or toward the prevalent. 4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN uprightness AND MORALITY 1. The existence of unjust faithfulnesss proves that morality and law are non identical and do not coincide. 2. The existence of laws that serve to defend basic values, law and morality can work together.3. Laws can commonwealth what overt offenses count as wrong and punishable. 4. Laws govern conduct at least partly by dint of reverence of punishment. 5. Morality can influence the law in the sense that it can provide the indicate for making whole groups of immoral elections illegal. 6. Law can be a public expression of morality which codifies in a public way the basic principles of conduct which a society accepts. 5 PUBLIC public prosecutor v MOHD ROMZAN BIN RAMLI6 BRIEF EXPLANATION ON THE CASEMohd Romzan bin Ramli was charged under the rudeness of incest under the provision of section 376A of the Penal Code- a person is said to commit incest if he or she has sexual intercourse with another person whose relationship to him or her is such that he or she is prohibited, under the law, religion, custom or usage applicable to him or her, to marry that person and was sentenced to six long time of bondage and one stroke of rotan under section 376B(1)- punish with imprisonment between 6 to 20 eld and whipping of the equivalent Code.The accused had committed the crime in between early January 2006 to 26th may 2006 in a room at his house in Kulai, Johor Bharu, Johor. To an 11-year old female child, Nurul Atikah bte Abdul Kadir, which is also his stepdaughter. In 2006, the girl was forced to undress by the accused and was disturbed sexually by him. He had done the noise to her several times. In addition, he threatened her not to tell anyone and h ad beaten her. Father of the victim, lodged a legal philosophy report after he had noticed changes in his daughter after he had picked her from his ex-wifes home. by and by medical check-ups were done by the doctor, the victim suffered from injuries in her private part and was treated by a psychologist. The accused pleaded guilty in front of the judge,Zawawi Salleh in the gamy cost of Johor Bharu, prosecuted by the Deputy populace Prosecutor, Husmin Hussin (Johor, State Legal Advisor Office). However, his sentences was changed to eleven years of imprisonment and three strokes of rotan, after the case was appealed to the High Court Of Johor Bharu from the Sessions Court Johor Bharu.The sentences were changed as it was unfair to the victim by taking her trauma and injuries into account and the public views about this case. OPINION/CONCLUSION In my opinion, the action of appealing the judgement made by the Sessions Court of Johor Bharu was a just and fair decision. Six years of impr isonment with one stroke of rattan is too little compared to the crime. According to John Austin, he defines law as a command given by a sovereign who may be a King, council or parliament. Such a command in his view is backed by coercion so that any person who violates the law, suffer the pain provided by law.7 The accused needs to be punished for what he had done to the victim. The victim was just a little, unbiased girl compared to him whose already old enough to think about right and wrong. Secondly, punishments for committed crimes are not only to punish the criminals, it is also as a deterrence to the public to not commit the same crime as they will be punished in accordance with the law too. Six years imprisonment and one stroke of rattan are not sufficient enough to deter the crime. As John Austin stated on why do we have to obey the law?It is because of the fear of sanction. Austin view is the fear by which the law, by its coercive power, strikes in the heart of the muckle is what makes people obey the law. If we remove the element of fear from the law, it would not be obeyed as there would be no deterrence. In other words, if a law is made without sanction, it would be disobeyed. 8 Lastly, after the High Court infer of Johor Bharu sentenced the accused to eleven years of imprisonment and three strokes of rattan, only then, the umpire can be seen.Bentham refers justice as maximum happiness of maximum number of people. 9 The publics views on the case are also need to be considered. Minimum sentences given could cause an uproar in the society. Even stag mentioned that justice is a shared concept everybody wants justice seen and done. This is also supported by the aim of having law is to maintain peace and harmony. 1 M. D. A Freeman, Lloyds Introduction to Jurisprudence, varlet 178. 2 M. D. A Freeman, Lloyds Introduction to Jurisprudence, rogue 143.3 Hari Chand, Modern Jurisprudence, 1994, International Law Book Services, Kuala Lumpur, page 205. 4 J acques T. Ethics Theory and Practice, (5th ed. ). New Jersey apprentice Hall, (1995) 3. 5 Basic Observations on Law and Morality. 10 September 2001. Web. 13 August 2012. 6 Public Prosecutor v Mohd Romzan bin Ramli. Malayan Law Journal, 22nd January 2012. Web. 13th August 2012. . 7 Hari Chand, Modern Jurisprudence, page 72,80,81. 8 Hari Chand, Modern Jurisprudence, page 74. 9 Jeremy Bentham. N. p. Web. 14th August 2012. .

Honest Iago Essay Example for Free

Honest Iago EssayIago is the most unique villain of Shakespe are There has been a lot of controversy about his motives and he has been con stancered as an incarnation of the devil. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, Iago is one of the most brilliant Shakespearean characters although Shakespeare uses his cunningness only for diabolical purposes. He has can rightly be called an atheist of human nature and a stealthy corrupter of human piety, a fearless disturber of domestic calm and an unbeliever in and denier of anyaffair spiritual. This is interesting to none that all characters in the play, except for Roderigo (to whom he sometimes shows his he rusey face) cede a high spirit of Iago and refer to him as honest Iago. He uses this high oestimation of him by these major characters to befool them. The Mutual relationship between Iago and Othello is of trust and reliance on the part of Othello exactly it is conniving and devious on the part of Iago. Iago has comparable r elationship with Cassio. Cassio is also deceived by the seeming equity of Iago and actually believes that ensign is a kind-hearted man.But at the same time is a rival to Iago in the royal court. Another facets of his relationship with Othello and Cassio is that he (Iago) lives the part of a blurt outspoken plain blighter who is always prepared to say what he really thinks without caring for the effect it may absorb on others. Othello is sh consume as a trustful and thorough in his trust for Iago. Although when Iago starts working on him, he suspects him and asks for evidence, only from the beginning of the play, he seems to have put entire confidence in the honesty of Iago, who had not been his companions in arms.This confidence is misplaced exclusively it is no sign of stupidity in Othello. He does not have a distinctive fear of him. We find this even out front Iago has set a trap for him. Othello fears the titan too hideous to be shown that he discerns about Iagos thoughts. This manifests a strange relationship base on paradoxical feelings. It is of confidence, trust and fear. But latter events show that Othellos trust in Iago overpowers the automatic fear. This happens due to Othellos non-meditative nature.He does not contemplate over issues and does not weigh their motive and consequences. And this is the thing that helps Iago to get control over Othello. A. C. Bradley rightly says in this regard The sources of danger in this character are revealed but too clearly by the story. In the first place, Othellos mind, for all its poetry, is very simple. He is not observant. His nature tends outward. He is quite free from introspection, and is not given to reflection. Emotion excites his imagination, but it confuses and dulls his intellect.On this side he is the very opposite of Hamlet, with whom, however, he shares a great openness and trustfulness of nature. In adjunct, he has little experience of the corrupt products of civilised life, and is ignoran t of European women. (p. 217) Relationship between Iago and Cassio exists and develops on the same lines as that of Othellos. Cassio has a high opinion of Iago and considers him an unmatched person in Florence but Iagos opinion of him is prejudiced and biased. Iago dismisses Cassio as a mere theorist and not a practical warrior.In their vernacular relationship Cassios genuine honesty is contrasted with Iagos seeming honesty. We are never certain that we watch why Iago commits his evil deeds. Coleridge calls his evilness as motiveless malignity (315) there is no doubt that he is throughout an artist in villainy. There is no mystery in the psychology of Iago and the key to Iagos motives may lie in the composition of his character. One of the noticeable traits in his character is keen perceive of superiority and contempt for others.There also the annoyance of having always to play a part, the enjoyment of the bodily process and the absence of fear. Iagos sense of superiority has be en thwarted and it needs satisfaction. The fullest satisfaction, it could find would, no doubt, be in the consciousness to take revenge from those who are so successful and popular. In addition to his strong lust to satisfy his sense of power, there are also certain other forces which drive him on. One of these is a pleasure in action very difficult and perilous. This action and pleasure lends him artistry in the art of being spiteful over against other.All these characteristics if nature and his disposition play a part in do him a great villain of Shakespeare. These motives appear and disappear in the most extraordinary manner. Resentment as Cassios appointment is expressed in the first conversation with Roderigo, and from that moment is never once mentioned again in the whole play. Hatred of Othello is expressed in the first act only. Desire to get Cassios place scarcely appears after the first soliloquy, and when it is gratified Iago does not refer to it by a single(a) word.T he suspicions of Cassios intrigues with Emilia emerges suddenly as an afterthought. Iagos love of Desdemona is alluded to in the support soliloquy there is not the faintest trace of it in word or deed either before or after. The mention of jealousy of Othello is followed by declarations that Othello is infatuated about Desdemona and is of a constant nature, and during Othellos execrable Iago never shows a sign of the idea that he is now paying his rival in his own coin.In the second soliloquy he declares that he quite believes Cassio t0o be in love with Desdemona it is limpid that he believes no such thing, for he never alludes to the idea again, and within a few hours, he describes Cassio as an honest fool. All these motives have strange paradoxical characteristics in them but it could not have been coincidence that Shakespeare has attributed so many motives to Iago. All these motives manifest the intricate nature of Iagos characters and disposition. In addition to a man of acti on, Iago also seems to be something of an artist who takes delight in undertaking a entangled task in a meticulous manner.The action he starts and works out is intricate. We get an tactual sensation that at some stage, the action Iago initiates remain no longer within his control and power but rather becomes his master. It is as he was fated to do what he does. Works Cited Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth. 2nd ed. London Macmillan, 1905. Colderidge, Samuel Taylor. Lectures 1808-1819 On Literature. Ed. R. A. Foakes. Volume 2. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1987. Shakespeare, William. Othello. New York Penguin Books. 1993.

The Future of Books Essay Example for Free

The in store(predicate) of Books Essay1. Introduction Books sacrifice evolved greatly since the first-class honours degree paternitys in clay tablets a thousand years B. C. to at one timeadays with the digital random variables of intimately day give-and-takes that were, non long ago, only purchasable in paper. Even though stories have got been carried and passed from extension to generation since the emergence of langu epoch, only until around the fifth century has it been heard hearty-nigh books and their use.In the antiquity, primitive materials in which to carve such(prenominal) as stone and wood were replaced by finer and more than portable materials ilk scrolls, papyrus and manuscripts, which al firsted the writing of overnight texts with less effort, and which lead the interpretation experience commiting an elite minority until the invention of the shanghai. The history of books in modern times is directly related to the creation of the publish, in th e middle 15th century, by Gutenberg. This invention allowed texts to be translated and diff employ, scope much wider audiences and narrowing the make outledge gap mingled with diametrical social classes.The first book that Gutenberg printed was the bible, which completely alterationized the track in which religion was regarded by the and so illiterate masses, and whichs impact was then followed by a series of non only religious, nevertheless also more general cultural trans pissations when all types of books were reproduced and made accessible for the state. Printing made it contingent for stories and knowledge to be materialized and kept throughout the years. With the advancements of the belief industry, books became easier to publish, cheaper and more attainable to people.The first printing implement had been made of wood and required a lot of hand labor and time to print, so the ready(prenominal) copies of a book were still relatively limited. However, as the year s passed, innovators sought meliorate alternatives to wood and created alloy and later on iron printing machines, which later on became mechanized, speeding up the printing extremity and not imagineing on an extensive hand labor to function. In 1867 the typewriter was invented, facilitating the typing process. With this invention, the price of books became more cheap and an increased number of readers appeargond.The paper book trend lasted for centuries, gaining more audience and strength with each print innovation that was made. From Gutenberg up to the late 20th century, print books had an enormous success and growing prevalentity. However, with the raise of calculating machine technologies, in 1971 the first digital library was finally created. 2. From Papers to Screens Project Gutenberg was founded in 1971 by Michael Hart, who created the first electronic book ever, with the principle of making lit accessible to e veryone and to decrease the levels of illiteracy in the wo rld.The brook gathered the most important books in history in various languages, converted them into an electronic form and made them addressable to the public for free. This was a turning point in the history of books, since books were no longer read only by those who could afford their price in bookstores, hardly also by those who did not have the means to misdirect hardcovers and who now had lite and free access to literature and knowledge. Without knowing, Project Gutenberg head started what would require the digital age of books by leading the transition from print books to digital books.When the advantages and the success of digital books were seen, a whole new market of online retailers began to take place. The emergence of e-books attracted early(a) authors as fountainhead as electronics business organisationes that sawing machine an opportunity for innovation and oversized scratchs. Electronic readers were created, facilitating the electronic reading experience and allowing people to read expeditious e-books instead of existence fixed to big heavy screens. However, during the 70s and the 80s, e-books were mainly specialized, and they attracted segments of the state who were interested in a few available topics.As the internet progressed in the 70s and the 80s and e-book electronic reading devices piddle the markets, the 90s network advancements allowed the easy cattle farm of e-books from com dictateer to computer through the web, and also the digitalisation of a wide variety of genres. This meant that books were made available for people with all tastes and not only for a specialized audience. Reading was able to bring about a means of entertainment and not only of education and knowledge for the less favored classes, like it had been up to then.Books went from being expensive and unaffordable by many, to being a commodity of which everybody could enjoy. The higher number of genres and of books in the Internet created an increasin g demand for e-books, from which online retailers, such as amazon, took advantage in the mid 1990s. Businesses took the opportunity to digitalise books and sh be them online for cheaper prices than those of their original paper formats. Another big player in the internet was Google, which decided to pay publishers to digitalize books and make certain subprograms, if not all of them, available for free. by from the digitalization of books, reading devices such as Amazons Kindle, Barnes Nobles Nook, and Apples Ipad show the huge market that was created cod to e-books, and the competition that took and still takes place in the digital world for the monopoly of e-books. 3. Reading experience As mentioned to a higher place, convey to the invention of the print, reading became a common activity and was no longer reserved for a allow majority. As books spread, illiteracy levels dropped and the audience for books became so diverse that it allowed for the distribution of books of al l genres for all cultures and tastes.It was probably convey to the digitalization of books that sub-genres gained popularity and were not left and forgotten in the shelves of bookstores and libraries. E-books, therefore, revived dead genres and gave an advantage to the ones that already enjoyed from a big demand in paper format. The reading experience has thus changed regarding new audiences reached and more genres available for cheaper prices. Another way in which e-books have benefited the audiences has been through the creation of digital libraries by somatic libraries as well as online libraries.Since e-books do not occupy shelf space and they assume only to be stored in databases, it is easy for libraries to organize their digitalized books and for customers to find specific topics and authors. In this sense, the process of finding books has been simplified comp atomic number 18d to the regular(a) library systems for non-digital versions. The process of digitalization is a long one but once all books become part of the digital library, they ar easier to hump and to distribute when people look for them.Electronic libraries allow the terminus of enceinte numbers of books in a small memory space, without the need of bookshelves, space and a large staff. Thanks to this storage advantage, libraries can have more books readily available and people have a larger choice and are not limited by the physical space of libraries. At the similar time, bookstores with e-book archives can save customers time by giving a faster service and avoiding queues and delay lists for books that for instance, have no yet arrived to the bookstore or referable to distances or to a large demand.Apart from the storage aspects, an important part of the transition from paper to screens has been the un get outingness of certain people to set to the electronic forms of books. Hardcover books have been part of cultures for so many centuries that for some people it is not so eas y to accommodate to e-readings. The modern world is incredibly digitalized, from music to movies, so the digitalization of books appears to be natural, particularly to the youngest generations. The reading experience between paper books and e-books is clearly different since paper books offer the theory of reading with more senses alert.For instance, when reading a handcover book, the reader can feel the pages texture and the smell of the book, and can see traits that are not present in e-readers, such as worn out and bended pages, which could be seen as a harm, but they can also give a rewarding sensation to the reader who makes his way through the book and can perceive and appreciate how he imbibes closer to the end. Another element of the witch of paper books is the unhurried reading experience that they offer. This implies the easiness with which books can be transported and the little it matters where the reader is in order to be able to do his reading.Contrary to e-reader s, paper books do not require shelling charging, careful care from bad weather conditions, uploading or d admitloading of stories, among other factors. Thus, paper books can be say to be simpler to read and to offer a genuine reading experience that only requires a book and a reader. Despite these reading experience factors, future generations forget very probably grow being increasingly familiar with e-books, which exit be in favor for the expansion of the e-book market and testamenting get out in a further shrinking demand for print books.Children born in the digital age are not be aware of the long way that print books have come from if they are not taught about it, and they probably regard e-books as the initial state of books. Therefore, the reading experience is colligate by large to former reading experiences and to the capability to compare e-books to non-digital books from an intellectual and also sentimental or sensorial point of view. 4. Writers and Cost Reductio ns For writers, the digitalization of books does not necessarily imply negative consequences, since there are several points which are in their favor.These include the possibility of self-publishing, no need for paper, easy editing, and no surpluses. Self-publishing is a great advantage for writers since publishing houses usually get most of the gains, leaving the authors with minimal profits from their own books. By skipping the intermediary, which in this case is the publisher, writers can put their books up in the internet for sale and get all the profits. This approach does have its risks since the advantage of going public through publishers is that they know about the business and they take care of all the steps.There is also the advantage of not needing paper, which again means less embodys and thus, more gains for the authors. Writers can decide to publish their books directly online without having a print version if they do not wish to. This saves writers from the long la sting period of printing and book assembling before their book is launched. Also, no printing means one intermediary less in the process of book publishing. running(a) with publishers already costs a lot of money, so cutting any price, in this case paper, printing and assembling prices, is helpful for authors.Related to the paper advantage, is easy editing. Contrary to print books, e-books can be considerably edited even if they have been already published they do not face the inconvenience of having typos that would cost a lot of money to correct. In the case of print books, once the book is printed in big numbers, typos are not possible to correct until the next printings, but by then the public will already have the version with the typos in their hands. Editing also refers to bigger editing other than typos, such as whole passage modifications, which are possible to make in digital versions but not in paper.Writers can also benefit from the lack of book surpluses that result i n money put into the rental of warehouses. Surpluses are very common for print books since at the moment of publishing, authors and publishers make an estimate of the books that will be sold, but they might not always be right or even approximate, overdue to the quality of the writing or of other external factors. In the case of e-books, no printing is requisite and purchases are done digitally so no warehouses are needed. This saves the authors money and allows for investment in other areas such as the advertising of their books. 5. More Readers for Writers.Concerning the readers, they have easy access to books and do not depend merely on the prices offered, since paper books usually cost a lot of money. Even if some digital books can be more expensive than others because of publishers, they are considerably cheaper than paper books. Another advantage for the readers is that they do not need to physically move if they need or urgency to get an e-book. As mentioned before, they h ave the advantage of avoiding long library and bookstore queues and dwelling lists, and they can have access to the book they want directly from the comfort of their home or computer.These advantages mean that readers look for their books online more readily than they look for physical books, since these require more time, money and efforts. Therefore, writers can benefit for a wider, or at least more active, audience. 6. E-books and Different Genres In the case of the genres affected by the digitalization of books, academic books most probably will not increase their sales and will not be reaching a wider audience, since these books have a specialized audience that does not increase or decrease its demands with the availability of e-books.On the other hand, novels and books of popular genres like science fiction will most probably increase their demand numbers, since they do not require a specialized audience, but can entertain people from all social strata. wisdom fiction alone accounts for around 20% of all e-book purchases. At the same time, since digital readings offer the possibility of hyperlinks, search engines, and so forth, within or around the text, these distr bring throughs affect the reading quality of novels, but not so much the reading quality of dictionaries and cookbooks, for instance. 7. Concerning Publishers.Some of the players who are the most affected by the digitalization of books are publishers, since moving to digital forms has reshaped in the way in which books are marketed and also the costs bear on and profits earned. Some of the advantages to publishers are the liberation from the constraints of printing and from surpluses of inventories. Another advantage is that older books that stopped interchange on print can be published again in their digital form and reach wider audiences because of the cheaper prices, so profits can be made from book print inactive books.Despite these advantages, the disadvantages are also great. One of the biggest threats of publishing online is piracy, since pirates can easily take the book and distribute it illegally. Another disadvantage is the pricing for e-books in the internet, since different retailers and sellers have at times prices that differ greatly from one another(prenominal) and while big retailers can afford to cut costs and increase sales with some profit losses, small publishers cannot afford such a move. One more important disadvantage for publishers is that there are no more book displays in bookstore shelves that help advertise books.Publishers try, however, to create advertising for their clients through the social web in order to make up for this downfall. A technique used by publishers in order to keep their print sales alive is called windowing and it consists of publishing first the print version of a new book and delaying the e-version to increase the print sales. The idea is not to let people know when the e-version will be available so that they buy t he print version and do not wait for the e-book to be published. However, this technique can go wrong and can create losses if the time duration between the print and online publishing is not well foreseen.For instance, if the print book is sold out by and by a week, when the planned time was two months, then people will quickly forget about the book and once it is finally published digitally, it will not have the same effect it had stand when there was expectation for the two publishes. A second technique that publishers are using is the publication of segments of a book, which the public can read, and if they like what they see, they are encouraged to make donations so that the author can civilisation writing the book and that it can be published.This is a very innovative idea, since it allows publishers to avoid surpluses, as well as printing if they decide to do this only with e-books. 8. Libraries Libraries are one of the most important stakeholders of the digitalization of books since they are usually decades all and have invested great sums of money on the local, the books, the maintenance, and so forth. For libraries, the conversion of books into e-books is very expensive because even though it is cheaper than storing physical books, there are far more e-books and therefore, the storage in a digital form is more expensive in the long run.Fortunately for libraries, literature will still be literature and regarded as such, no matter if its stored in bookshelves or in databases. This means that library clients would still frequent the library when looking for books, and also because libraries are not nevertheless places where books are stored, but also cultural places where people can gather and talk about literature or intellectual topics. At the same time, due to the creation of digital databases, libraries will have to start cutting down personnel and spaces in order to be able to afford the transition to digital forms.9. Bookstores Borders In the case of bookstores, they suffer more than libraries from e-books, since bookstores are not a place of consultation but of selling, and when money is involved, customers tend to turn where they can spend the least for the same service. One of the main concerns of bookstores is the low price that is charged for books in e-form, since for the same content there are significant price differences that clearly draw clients away from bookstores to the internet.Another main concern of bookstores is that the space that is used for storing and displaying print books will not be of any use, and even if they create digital databases to sell e-books in their stores, they cannot compete with online venders since they still need to cover local costs such as electricity, personnel, rent, maintenance, etc. Some of the strategies tried out by bookstores in order to survive the digital age is to host book clubs and social gatherings, as well as selling goods other than books.In the case of smaller boo kstores, since they cannot compete with the others prices, have opted for offering writing classes, for instance, in addition to selling books in their stores. These strategies work in some cases but in others they have not been able to save bookstores from collapsing. On July 2011, the American bookstore giant, Borders, liquidated all of its stores after it went Bankrupt in February 2011. Next with its end went 11,000 lost jobs. In an interview to Borders President Mike Edwards, he says, Following the best efforts of all parties, we are saddened by this development.We were all working hard toward a different outcome, but the head winds we have been facing for quite some time, including the rapidly changing book industry, electronic reader revolution and turbulent economy, have brought us to where we are now. It is clear that Borders was not prepared for the digital wave that hit the book industry, and when it tried to react it was already too late. Borders had big stores and advan ced equipment to locate books clients looked for.However, when the digitalization of books started fetching place, Borders did not focus on building its own e-book market, but instead it used one of the above mentioned techniques, which was selling other goods, such as CDs and DVDs. It also invested on the infrastructure of its shops instead of taking action in the digital book market. Its main competitor was Barnes Noble, which has managed to survive and keep up by nidus on the promotion of e-books and on the release of its own e-reader, the Nook, which put it directly into the digital market and which allows it to better promote its own digital books.There is still much to be bring home the bacond and much competition to achieve from the part of Barnes Noble, but if it continues to accommodate to the digital flow then it is very likely that it will manage to sustain itself. For Borders, for Barnes Nobel, and for all bookstores nowadays, the big competitors are online retaile rs, especially Amazon, which is considered to be the biggest e-retailer on the web. 10. Online Retailers Amazon Amazon was founded in the mid 1990s and started off as an online book seller. With the years, it started expanding its market to multiple areas such as music, software, videogames and toys.Today, it sells an dateless variety of products and covers an worldwide market as one of the biggest online retailers in the world. With the emergence of e-books and the enormous competition that skirt Amazon, it decided not only to sell digital versions of its books but also to launch its own e-reader, the now famous Kindle. Its main adversary in terms of e-readers was and still is the iPad. In order to keep up with the competition and be the number one on the e-book market, Amazon lowered the price of the Kindle to a level where it was making no profits and was in the contrary, creating losses.The reasoning behind this strategy was to encourage people to buy the Kindle instead of ot her e-readers, and by buying the Kindle they would be likely to buy the e-books from Amazon too. Up to now, Amazon has been able to keep on competing with Apple, however, both are directed at different customers, since Apples iPad is more about design than about e-books, while Amazons Kindle is all about the e-books Amazon offers with it. The online retailer has the advantage on making its profits from a wide variety of products and not having to rely completely on e-books only.However, it is today the biggest e-retailer online and its e-books account for an important part of its success, and thanks to its Kindle and its prices it continues its way to dominating the e-book market. The future of Amazon is tightly related to the future of Bookstores and the future of print books. While Amazon continues to offer low prices for digital books, people will keep on turning to the cheaper digital versions and the demand for print books will keep on decreasing.At the same time, the internati onal scope of Amazon and its prices make it difficult for bookstores to compete with it, since they rely on books mainly, while Amazon relies on many other products that it sells successfully online. 11. Conclusion The future of books seems to be as e-books mainly, even though the print versions will most probably continue to play an important role in society due to the historical and emotional charge that they carry.The generationsthat grew up with print books are not likely to turn to digital forms too quickly, but as every year since the late 1990s a new digital generation is born, print books will not have the same meaning they have today, just as they do not have the same meaning today as they had before the rise of the internet.In order for print books to survive, prices need to be lowered, and the most successful way to do this for authors is by self-publishing and reaching the audiences directly. This entails risks, but if print books continue to cost as much as they do toda y, the demand for them will decrease further with time.In the case of bookstores, for the moment they have no other alternative than to adapt to the digital market and to try to find other sources of income. Perhaps in the future, once the world is used to e-books, just like it is used to CDs and not to cassettes today, people will look gage and start turning to print versions which will be seen as unique and which might gain bear the initial prestigious status that they once had when the print was first created. Works Cited Adam, Nabil R. Digital Libraries Research and engineering science Advances ADL 95 Forum, McLean, Virginia, USA, May 15-17, 1995 Selected Papers.Berlin Springer, 1996. Print. Amazon The Walmart of the Web. The economist San Francisco 1 Oct. 2011 57-58. Print. Amazons 15th Anniversary A chronicle of Online Shopping. Time. 16 July 2010. Web. http//www. time. com/time/business/article/0,8599,2004089,00. html. Archiving the Web Born Digital. The Economist 2 3 Oct. 2010 67. Print. Auletta, Ken. The IPad, the Kindle, and the Future of Books. The New Yorker. 26 Apr. 2010. Web. http//www. newyorker. com/reporting/2010/04/26/100426fa_fact_auletta. Background to Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg Australia. Web.http//gutenberg. net. au/background. html. Barnett, Emma. Self Publishing Writer Becomes one million million million Seller Telegraph. The Telegraph. 21 June 2011. Web. http//www. telegraph. co. uk/culture/books/booknews/8589963/Self-publishing-writer-becomes-million-seller. html. The Books Business Great Digital Expectations. The Economist 10 Sept. 2011 63-64. Print. Brooks, Sofie C. Publishing wrangle The Future of Books Arts The Harvard Crimson. The Harvard Crimson. 20 Sept. 2011. Web. http//www. thecrimson. com/column/innovation-and-art/article/2011/9/20/publishing-books-amazon-new/.Cohen, Dan. The Fight Over the Future of Digital Books Dan Cohen Technology The Atlantic. The Atlantic. 23 Sept. 2011. Web. http//www. theatlantic. com/technology/archive/2011/09/the-fight-over-the-future-of-digital-books/245577/. Crowd-funding Books A Novel Idea. The Economist 23 July 2011 58. Print. Eliot, Simon, and Jonathan Rose. A confederate to the History of the Book. Malden, MA Blackwell Pub. , 2007. Print. The Endangered Bookstore Edited Out. The Economist 3 Apr. 2010 60. Print. The Future of Books not alternate by Anything The Economist. The Economist. 24 Mar. 2007. Web. http//www. economist. com/node/8881446. The Future of Publishing E-publish or Perish. The Economist 3 Apr. 2010 59-60. Print. The History of the Internet. Investintech. com. Web. http//www. investintech. com/content/historyinternet/. Howard, Nicole. The Book the Life Story of a Technology. Baltimore antics Hopkins UP, 2009. Print. Kovacs, Maureen G. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Stanford, CA Stanford Univ. , 2004. Print. Menn, Joseph. Alliance Helps Google Finally Go into Print with 2m Books. The pecuniary Times San Francisco 18 Sept.2 009 13. Print. Michael Hart. The Economist 24 Sept. 2011, Obituary sec. 102. Print. Montgomery, Kathryn C. Children in the Digital Age. Media consciousness Network. Web. http//www. media-awareness. ca/english/resources/special_initiatives/wa_resources/wa_shared/backgrounders/digital_kids. cfm. Noguchi, Yuki. Why Borders Failed While Barnes Noble Survived. National Public Radio. 9 July 2011. Web. http//www. npr. org/2011/07/19/138514209/why-borders-failed-while-barnes-and-noble-survived. Postrel, Virginia. Amazon vs. Apple What Should E-Book Prices Be? The Atlantic. 2 Feb. 2010. Web. http//www. theatlantic. com/business/archive/2010/02/amazon-vs-apple-what-should-e-book-prices-be/35131/. Printing Yesterday and Today. Harry Ransom Center. Web. http//www. hrc. utexas. edu/pedagogue/modules/gutenberg/books/printing/. Project Gutenberg. Web. http//www. gutenberg. org/wiki/GutenbergAbout. Spector, Mike. Borders Forced to Liquidate, Close All Stores. The Wall Street Journal. 19 Jul y 2011. Web. http//online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052702303661904576454353768550280. html. Sutter, John D.The Future of Libraries, with or without Books. CNN. 04 Sept. 2009. Web. http//articles. cnn. com/2009-09-04/tech/future. library. technology_1_metropolitan-library-librarians-books? _s=PMTECH. The Transformation of the Book Industry Disappearing Ink. The Economist 10 Sept. 2011 15. Print. Wong, Jackie. Genre-fiction Fans Quell Hunger with E-books. Straight Vancouvers Online Source. 7 July 2011. Web. http//www. straight. com/article-402353/vancouver/genrefiction-fans-quell-hunger-ebooks. 1 . Kovacs, Maureen G.The Epic of Gilgamesh (Stanford, CA Stanford Univ. , 2004) 13. 2 . Eliot, Simon, and Jonathan Rose. A Companion to the History of the Book (Malden, MA Blackwell Pub. , 2007) 87. 3 . Howard, Nicole. The Book the Life Story of a Technology (Baltimore Johns Hopkins UP, 2009) 31. 4 . Printing Yesterday and Today. Harry Ransom Center. . 5 . Background to Project Gu tenberg. Project Gutenberg Australia. . 6 . Michael Hart. The Economist 24 Sept. 2011, Obituary sec. 102. Print. 7 . The History of the Internet. Investintech. com.. 8 . Menn, Joseph.Alliance Helps Google Finally Go into Print with 2m Books. The Financial Times San Francisco 18 Sept. 2009 13. 9 . Cohen, Dan. The Fight Over the Future of Digital Books Dan Cohen Technology The Atlantic. The Atlantic. 23 Sept. 2011. . 10 . Adam, Nabil R. Digital Libraries Research and Technology Advances ADL 95 Forum, McLean, Virginia, USA, May 15-17, 1995 Selected Papers (Berlin Springer, 1996) 244. 11 . The Future of Books Not Bound by Anything The Economist. The Economist. 24 Mar. 2007. . 12 . Montgomery, Kathryn C. Children in

Management annotated bibliography Essay Example for Free

Management annotated bibliography EssayThe purpose of this paper is to provide an annotated bibliography of three articles that deal with fundament and strategic management. And will include a review from the authors perspective on flowing trends being shaped by vicissitude and specific aspects of innovation influencing strategic management.Innovation strategy 4 key tactics of top growth companiesThe article covers the four practices of successful growth. Finding the next S-curve, argument on customers, think like a designer, and lead the way are the four areas that are center on. The practice of finding the next S-curve explains that innovation has a time window, and is instanter related to revenue. With continuous innovation, a companys chance of hitting and staying within the window increases dramatically. The practice of extend on customers directly relates to gaining an understanding of the customer. It points out tools to use, such as creating a customer empathy map . Lean on customers constrains a lean approach to product innovation.The think like a designer practice involves using innovation to create new options. This includes using Blue Ocean Strategy which is the search for uncontested market space and the business sector model stoogevas which is the nine building blocks for business. The lead the way practice involves making innovation a priority and those innovative leaders should be role models. Current innovative companies are used as examples for each practice. These include Amazon, Apple, IBM, and Starbucks (Power, 2014-15).Elements of a successful innovation roadmapThis article covers innovation with Rapid Innovation bout (RIC). RIC leads to a higher success rate, by showing a repeatable process. It is anintroduction to a be given shop. Product, business models, and processes can benefit from this road map. The rapid innovation cycle has four builds. Phase virtuoso is define and scope the innovation opportunity, phase two is d iscover new ideas, phase three obtain and design concepts for experimentation, and phase four is demonstrate the innovation through piloting and prototyping.The define phase detail the way to define and scope an innovation. This is from the customers perspective and saves valuable time and energy. The discovery phase details ways of exploring ideas to solve the issues that came to light in the define phase. The develop phase shows ways of underdeveloped the ideas that came from the discovery phase. The demonstrate phase turns the ideas from the development phase into simulations or working prototypes. By side by side(p) the incontrovertible roadmap, companies can innovate with little to no waste (Samuel, 2013). Using Global insights to drive local innovationThis article shows a strategy to gain innovation by looking at trends and insights on a global level. By learning what trends are emerging and what global consumers behaviors are, provides important insights to meet consumer s needs. both important areas to focus on are the customers experience and lifestyle focus. The consumers boilers suit satisfaction is a key element, and products need to fulfill a wide array of lifestyles and interests. By following and anticipating these trends, companies can focus their innovation efforts to fulfill these needs (Capercini, 2013).Authors reviewInnovation is a key factor in any business. With the information age moving and advancing as spendthrift as it is, companies have to be proactive to keep up. Part of strategic management is innovation this includes having a plan, developing new ways to do business, and new or better products and services. Not paying maintenance to global as well as local trends could have catastrophic consequences on a business. It is up management to lead the way and be role models. By finding uncontested market space, companies can have the advantage over competitors.ReferencesCapercini, R. (2013). Innovation Management.se. Retrieved f rom http//www.innovationmanagement.se/2014/10/28/using-global-insights-to-drive-local-innovation/ Power, D. (2014-15). Harvard division of continuing education captain Development. Retrieved from http//www.dce.harvard.edu/professional/blog/innovation-strategy-4-key-tactics-top-growth-companies Samuel, Dr. P. (2013). Innovation Management.se. Retrieved from http//www.innovationmanagement.se/2014/11/10/elements-of-a-successful-innovation-roadmap/

Political Correctness in the Media Essay Example for Free

semi semipolitical appropriateness in the Media EssayPolitical correctness in the media notes to the use of appropriate words and ideas to minimize racialism in all its hideous manifestations, in addition to turn onism and offences against identity multitudes of all sorts. In other words, it is a concept that mavin has to regularize their statements (if not their opinions) according to a certain political dogma (Political Correctness, 2008). Hence, it is rude to say nigger in an advertisement especially created for the African Americans even if a whiteness Congressman uses the politically ridiculous word in his home. However, during periods of history when certain races, identity groups or the weaker sex moldiness be looked down upon according to policies created by the government to raise a race, identity group or gender over some other, in the minds of the people it is not considered politically incorrect by the media to refer to those looked down upon as rascals, d espite the fact that the notion of political correctness had originated during World struggle I (Lind, 2000).Given that political correctness must needs concern governmental policies at whatever assumption time, it is interesting to consider the fact that political correctness or incorrectness in the media has taken contrary forms according to governmental needs at different times. In the unify States, racism in coverage against the African Americans seemed to have peaked during the 1950s. Perhaps the occasion for the peak was that the whites and the blacks in America had sh ared a master-slave relationship in the past.The Civil Rights Movement had called for changing the status quo. The demand for equal rights for the blacks was met with resistance, however. This is the reason wherefore an article published in The Birmingham Post-Herald in 1955 quotes a white sheriff thus We havent involved so far down here and we dont intend to (10 Jurors Picked as till Trial Opens, 195 5). The sheriff was, of course, describing the relations of the white race with the black race. The above mentioned tidings article was actually a report on a trial.All of the jury members selected for the trial were white men. Eight of the men were farmers and one of them was a laborer. There were eight Negro reporters present at the trial, but all of them were segregated at a separate t qualified (10 Jurors Picked as Till Trial Opens). Considering that the theory of racism is base on the assumption that a race can be superior to another race for any number of reasons, the parole report of the 1950s describes blatant racism.So, even though the blacks had worked as laborers for the whites in the past, for the reason that the blacks had served the whites as slaves, they could not be members of the jury even if one of the jury members was a white laborer. way struggled to the stance of the whites with respect to the blacks depict in the above mentioned article, a refresheds ar ticle published by The San Francisco News in 1942 describes the value of the Japanese Americans to the economy of the United States.The author of the article, Jap eject to crusade Farm Adjustments, states that the internment of the Japanese Americans would adversely affect the agricultural produce of California. The article refers to the Japanese Americans as fast and efficient workers (Jap Ban to Force Farm Adjustments, 1942). Even though the work of the Japanese Americans on Californian farms had required the most arduous form of stoop labor, the article mentions that the white farmers would be fitted to handle it, but not as well as the Japanese American workers (Jap Ban to Force Farm Adjustments).Stoop labor is defined as back-bending manual work (Stoop Labor, 2008). If the news article published in 1942 had clearly stated that the white farmers will not be able to replace the Japanese Americans on the plantations because the latter were engaged in stoop labor which the whi te farmers only when would not engage in it would have been open-and-shut that the reporting is racist. However, this was not the case. Rather, the Japanese Americans are lauded for their power in the news report, as some of them were capable of tending to forty to fifty gardens at a time (Jap Ban to Force Farm Adjustments).Even though the Japanese Americans had been interned during World War II, the whites did not seem to look down upon them or consider them substandard. On the other hand, the blacks were obviously considered inferior because they had served the whites as slaves. These differences of perceptions are made clear by the news reports. Even so, racism against the African Americans is considered a totally taboo subject in the media in the beginning of the twenty first century. The reason for the taboo, too, is obvious the African have a history of fighting racism in the United States.The government of the United States no longer wants to harass them finished its poli cies and the media. As a matter of fact, the taboo is come with by policies such as affirmative action, simply for the fact that racism against the Africans of the U. S. is met with ample resistance on the r come prohibited of the closetine of the Africans themselves, as well as their friends among the Caucasians of America. Seeing that the United States government would like the country to maintain a semblance of a civilized nation, racism against African Americans does not make sense any longer.The Islamists are targeted nowadays. All the same, trends in racism reporting as described above reveal that this too would kind one day, somehow. Political correctness or incorrectness in the media is undoubtedly related to political framing. As mentioned previously, it is the policymaker that decides what the media would eventually reveal to the public. Political communicators are skilled at framing the debates over controversial issues by means of an emphasis on policy goals that d eserve the highest priority, according to themselves rather than the people they communicate with.Such elaborateness affects political attitudes by influencing the importance that individuals place on competing issues. Frames do not only affect opinions on the issues, but they also influence the judgments of the participants in the communication process with regards to the relative importance of competing values. Thus, political persuaders shape public opinion through the framing of their policy goals and choices (Nelson, 2004). Politicians attempt to dominate public perception through the use of words.Thus an encyclopedia has defined framing as a process of selective control over the individuals perception of media, public, or private communication, in particular the meanings attributed to words or phrases. Framing defines how an element of rhetoric is packaged so as to allow certain interpretations and rule out others (Framing, 2008). Moreover, media frames whitethorn be create d by the mass media as well as specific political and hearty movements or organizations.As shown through the several examples mentioned already, the media works alongside political and friendly movements to control the perceptions of the public at large through the communication theory of framing. Hence, in recent years the media was frequently hear discussing the war on terror, seeing as the politicians had coined the phrase and used it regularly to advise the public close their policies concerning the issue. Another important example of framing in this context was the popularization of the term, escalation, to describe an increase in troop levels in war torn Iraq.The term, escalation implied that the United States was deliberately heightening the scope of the conflict in a manner that was provocative (Framing). Spielvogel (2005) points out that both George W. Bush and John Kerry, during the 2004 presidential campaign, had relied upon the clean framing of the war on terrorism a nd the situation in Iraq as a battle between good and evil in their day to day political discourse. Moreover, President Bush had employed this rhetorical frame to politically and morally cloak the war in Iraq under a larger war on terror (Spielvogel). Is war politically correct or incorrect? It depends on governmental policies at any given time. Now that the U. S. is going through an economic recession, perhaps war will expire a taboo subject in the media and nonviolence would reign. All the same, if the U. S. government continues to perceive all Muslims as the enemies of the United States the media would continue referring to Islamists the way it does at present. Even though stereotyping is by itself a taboo subject, right degrees in mass communication are not helping journalists and advertisers to be honest in their reasonableness of people and cultures.Given the responsibility to relay truthful information to the public journalists, advertisers and all distributors of enterta inment and news across different mediums such as television, newspapers, radio, Internet, etc. should have known that all people and cultures cannot be appreciated through stereotypes. Moreover, through mass usage of stereotypes, the media creates a mass culture, the representatives of which consider it abnormal to dance step outside the stereotypes. According to the Media Awareness Network The pressure put on women through ads, television, film and new media to be sexually piquantand sexually activeis profound.The National Eating Disorders Association reports that one out of four TV commercials send some kind of attractiveness message, telling viewers what is and is not attractive (Media Stereotyping, 2007). Thus, the media happens to contribute to the mental illnesses suffered by an increasing number of people in our world. Although this form of stereotyping in the media whitethorn not have anything to do with political pressure, or political correctness and/or incorrectness, the fact that the media has stereotypes for women is accompanied by the truth that the U.S. government has never been headed by a womanThe Media Awareness Network explains another reason for stereotyping before outlining other problems associated with stereotypes Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of peopleusually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, ocial role or occupation.But stereotypes can be problematic. They can reduce a wide simulacrum of differences in people to simplistic categorizations transform assumptions about particular groups of people into realities be used to relinquish the position of those in power and perpetuate social prejudice and inequality (Media Stereotyping). Although the reason for stereotyping as described above is clear, the main reason for it continues to be understood as governmental policies. Of course, stereotyping is another form of political incorrectness in the media.Then again, there are those who opine that political correctness is a puzzling notion, disallowing intelligent debates from changing our world for the better (PC thinking is harming participation, 2006). In other words, by laborious to be politically correct or incorrect, the media is veiling the face of reality. Even so, the media is considered an important educator of society as a whole. Furthermore, the media has the power to shape culture by introducing positive changes. It is a shame, therefore, that people must consider educating the media so as to do away with falsehoods that it imparts due to political pressure.Undoubtedly, political correctness and incorrectness must necessarily concern governmental policies at any given time. Whereas the government benefits by the fortissimo of the media through its declaration of certain words or ideas as politically correct or incorrect at any given time it is the public at large that suffers because it has been taught lies by the media. By perpetuating social prejudice, the media through governmental notions of political correctness and incorrectness at any given time may even shoulder responsibility for bloody wars around the world.